API测试

简介

Playwright 可用于访问应用程序的 REST API。

有时您可能希望直接从Python发送请求到服务器，而无需加载页面并在其中运行js代码。以下是一些可能派上用场的示例场景：

测试您的服务器API。
在测试中访问Web应用程序之前准备服务器端状态。
在浏览器中执行某些操作后，验证服务器端的后置条件。

所有这些都可以通过APIRequestContext方法实现。

以下示例依赖于pytest-playwright包，该包将Playwright fixtures添加到Pytest测试运行器中。

编写API测试

APIRequestContext 可以通过网络发送各种HTTP(S)请求。

以下示例演示了如何使用Playwright测试通过GitHub API创建问题的功能。测试套件将执行以下操作：

在运行测试前创建一个新的仓库。
创建几个问题并验证服务器状态。
运行测试后删除存储库。

配置

GitHub API 需要授权，因此我们将为所有测试一次性配置令牌。同时，我们还将设置 baseURL 来简化测试。

import os
from typing import Generator

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, APIRequestContext

GITHUB_API_TOKEN = os.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN")
assert GITHUB_API_TOKEN, "GITHUB_API_TOKEN is not set"


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def api_request_context(
    playwright: Playwright,
) -> Generator[APIRequestContext, None, None]:
    headers = {
        # We set this header per GitHub guidelines.
        "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
        # Add authorization token to all requests.
        # Assuming personal access token available in the environment.
        "Authorization": f"token {GITHUB_API_TOKEN}",
    }
    request_context = playwright.request.new_context(
        base_url="https://api.github.com", extra_http_headers=headers
    )
    yield request_context
    request_context.dispose()

编写测试

现在我们已经初始化了请求对象，可以添加一些测试用例来在仓库中创建新的问题。

import os
from typing import Generator

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, APIRequestContext

GITHUB_API_TOKEN = os.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN")
assert GITHUB_API_TOKEN, "GITHUB_API_TOKEN is not set"

GITHUB_USER = os.getenv("GITHUB_USER")
assert GITHUB_USER, "GITHUB_USER is not set"

GITHUB_REPO = "test"

# ...

def test_should_create_bug_report(api_request_context: APIRequestContext) -> None:
    data = {
        "title": "[Bug] report 1",
        "body": "Bug description",
    }
    new_issue = api_request_context.post(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data)
    assert new_issue.ok

    issues = api_request_context.get(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    assert issues.ok
    issues_response = issues.json()
    issue = list(filter(lambda issue: issue["title"] == "[Bug] report 1", issues_response))[0]
    assert issue
    assert issue["body"] == "Bug description"

def test_should_create_feature_request(api_request_context: APIRequestContext) -> None:
    data = {
        "title": "[Feature] request 1",
        "body": "Feature description",
    }
    new_issue = api_request_context.post(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data)
    assert new_issue.ok

    issues = api_request_context.get(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    assert issues.ok
    issues_response = issues.json()
    issue = list(filter(lambda issue: issue["title"] == "[Feature] request 1", issues_response))[0]
    assert issue
    assert issue["body"] == "Feature description"

设置与拆卸

这些测试假设仓库已存在。您可能希望在运行测试前创建一个新仓库，并在测试完成后删除它。为此可使用session fixture。yield之前的部分是所有测试前的准备，之后的部分是所有测试后的清理。

# ...
@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
def create_test_repository(
    api_request_context: APIRequestContext,
) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    # Before all
    new_repo = api_request_context.post("/user/repos", data={"name": GITHUB_REPO})
    assert new_repo.ok
    yield
    # After all
    deleted_repo = api_request_context.delete(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}")
    assert deleted_repo.ok

完整测试示例

以下是一个完整的API测试示例：

from enum import auto
import os
from typing import Generator

import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, Page, APIRequestContext, expect

GITHUB_API_TOKEN = os.getenv("GITHUB_API_TOKEN")
assert GITHUB_API_TOKEN, "GITHUB_API_TOKEN is not set"

GITHUB_USER = os.getenv("GITHUB_USER")
assert GITHUB_USER, "GITHUB_USER is not set"

GITHUB_REPO = "test"


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def api_request_context(
    playwright: Playwright,
) -> Generator[APIRequestContext, None, None]:
    headers = {
        # We set this header per GitHub guidelines.
        "Accept": "application/vnd.github.v3+json",
        # Add authorization token to all requests.
        # Assuming personal access token available in the environment.
        "Authorization": f"token {GITHUB_API_TOKEN}",
    }
    request_context = playwright.request.new_context(
        base_url="https://api.github.com", extra_http_headers=headers
    )
    yield request_context
    request_context.dispose()


@pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
def create_test_repository(
    api_request_context: APIRequestContext,
) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
    # Before all
    new_repo = api_request_context.post("/user/repos", data={"name": GITHUB_REPO})
    assert new_repo.ok
    yield
    # After all
    deleted_repo = api_request_context.delete(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}")
    assert deleted_repo.ok


def test_should_create_bug_report(api_request_context: APIRequestContext) -> None:
    data = {
        "title": "[Bug] report 1",
        "body": "Bug description",
    }
    new_issue = api_request_context.post(
        f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data
    )
    assert new_issue.ok

    issues = api_request_context.get(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    assert issues.ok
    issues_response = issues.json()
    issue = list(
        filter(lambda issue: issue["title"] == "[Bug] report 1", issues_response)
    )[0]
    assert issue
    assert issue["body"] == "Bug description"


def test_should_create_feature_request(api_request_context: APIRequestContext) -> None:
    data = {
        "title": "[Feature] request 1",
        "body": "Feature description",
    }
    new_issue = api_request_context.post(
        f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data
    )
    assert new_issue.ok

    issues = api_request_context.get(f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    assert issues.ok
    issues_response = issues.json()
    issue = list(
        filter(lambda issue: issue["title"] == "[Feature] request 1", issues_response)
    )[0]
    assert issue
    assert issue["body"] == "Feature description"

通过API调用准备服务器状态

以下测试通过API创建一个新问题，然后导航到项目中的所有问题列表，以检查它是否出现在列表顶部。该检查使用LocatorAssertions执行。

def test_last_created_issue_should_be_first_in_the_list(api_request_context: APIRequestContext, page: Page) -> None:
    def create_issue(title: str) -> None:
        data = {
            "title": title,
            "body": "Feature description",
        }
        new_issue = api_request_context.post(
            f"/repos/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues", data=data
        )
        assert new_issue.ok
    create_issue("[Feature] request 1")
    create_issue("[Feature] request 2")
    page.goto(f"https://github.com/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    first_issue = page.locator("a[data-hovercard-type='issue']").first
    expect(first_issue).to_have_text("[Feature] request 2")

以下测试通过浏览器中的用户界面创建一个新问题，然后通过API检查是否创建成功：

def test_last_created_issue_should_be_on_the_server(api_request_context: APIRequestContext, page: Page) -> None:
    page.goto(f"https://github.com/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues")
    page.locator("text=New issue").click()
    page.locator("[aria-label='Title']").fill("Bug report 1")
    page.locator("[aria-label='Comment body']").fill("Bug description")
    page.locator("text=Submit new issue").click()
    issue_id = page.url.split("/")[-1]

    new_issue = api_request_context.get(f"https://github.com/{GITHUB_USER}/{GITHUB_REPO}/issues/{issue_id}")
    assert new_issue.ok
    assert new_issue.json()["title"] == "[Bug] report 1"
    assert new_issue.json()["body"] == "Bug description"

复用认证状态

Web应用使用基于cookie或基于令牌的认证方式，其中认证状态以cookies形式存储。Playwright提供了api_request_context.storage_state()方法，可用于从已认证的上下文中检索存储状态，然后使用该状态创建新的上下文。

存储状态可以在BrowserContext和APIRequestContext之间互换使用。您可以通过API调用登录，然后创建一个已经包含cookies的新上下文。以下代码片段从已认证的APIRequestContext中检索状态，并使用该状态创建一个新的BrowserContext。

request_context = playwright.request.new_context(http_credentials={"username": "test", "password": "test"})
request_context.get("https://api.example.com/login")
# Save storage state into a variable.
state = request_context.storage_state()

# Create a new context with the saved storage state.
context = browser.new_context(storage_state=state)

简介​

编写API测试​

配置​

编写测试​

设置与拆卸​

完整测试示例​

通过API调用准备服务器状态​

运行用户操作后检查服务器状态​

复用认证状态​

简介