模拟

简介

使用Playwright，您可以在任何浏览器上测试您的应用程序，并模拟真实设备如手机或平板电脑。只需配置您想要模拟的设备，Playwright就会模拟浏览器行为，例如"userAgent"、"screenSize"、"viewport"以及是否启用"hasTouch"。您还可以为所有测试或特定测试模拟"geolocation"、"locale"和"timezone"，以及设置"permissions"来显示通知或更改"colorScheme"。

设备

Playwright 提供了一个设备参数注册表，使用playwright.devices来模拟选定的桌面、平板和移动设备。它可以用来模拟特定设备的浏览器行为，如用户代理、屏幕尺寸、视口以及是否启用触摸功能。所有测试都将在指定的设备参数下运行。

Test
Library

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test'; // import devices

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
      },
    },
    {
      name: 'Mobile Safari',
      use: {
        ...devices['iPhone 13'],
      },
    },
  ],
});

const { chromium, devices } = require('playwright');
const browser = await chromium.launch();

const iphone13 = devices['iPhone 13'];
const context = await browser.newContext({
  ...iphone13,
});

playwright.dev website emulated for iPhone 13

视口

视口(viewport)包含在设备中，但您可以通过page.setViewportSize()在某些测试中覆盖它。

Test
Library

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
        // It is important to define the `viewport` property after destructuring `devices`,
        // since devices also define the `viewport` for that device.
        viewport: { width: 1280, height: 720 },
      },
    },
  ]
});

// Create context with given viewport
const context = await browser.newContext({
  viewport: { width: 1280, height: 1024 }
});

测试文件：

Test
Library

测试/示例.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  viewport: { width: 1600, height: 1200 },
});

test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});

// Create context with given viewport
const context = await browser.newContext({
  viewport: { width: 1280, height: 1024 }
});

// Resize viewport for individual page
await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1600, height: 1200 });

// Emulate high-DPI
const context = await browser.newContext({
  viewport: { width: 2560, height: 1440 },
  deviceScaleFactor: 2,
});

同样的功能在测试文件中也适用。

Test
Library

测试/示例.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.describe('specific viewport block', () => {
  test.use({ viewport: { width: 1600, height: 1200 } });

  test('my test', async ({ page }) => {
    // ...
  });
});

// Create context with given viewport
const context = await browser.newContext({
  viewport: { width: 1600, height: 1200 }
});
const page = await context.newPage();

isMobile

是否考虑元视口标签并启用了触摸事件。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  projects: [
    {
      name: 'chromium',
      use: {
        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
        // It is important to define the `isMobile` property after destructuring `devices`,
        // since devices also define the `isMobile` for that device.
        isMobile: false,
      },
    },
  ]
});

区域设置与时区

模拟用户区域设置和时区，这些可以在配置中为所有测试全局设置，然后针对特定测试进行覆盖。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    // Emulates the user locale.
    locale: 'en-GB',

    // Emulates the user timezone.
    timezoneId: 'Europe/Paris',
  },
});

Test
Library

测试/示例.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  locale: 'de-DE',
  timezoneId: 'Europe/Berlin',
});

test('my test for de lang in Berlin timezone', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('https://www.bing.com');
  // ...
});

const context = await browser.newContext({
  locale: 'de-DE',
  timezoneId: 'Europe/Berlin',
});

权限

允许应用显示系统通知。

Test
Library

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    // Grants specified permissions to the browser context.
    permissions: ['notifications'],
  },
});

const context = await browser.newContext({
  permissions: ['notifications'],
});

允许特定域的通知。

Test
Library

tests/example.spec.ts
import { test } from '@playwright/test';

test.beforeEach(async ({ context }) => {
  // Runs before each test and signs in each page.
  await context.grantPermissions(['notifications'], { origin: 'https://skype.com' });
});

test('first', async ({ page }) => {
  // page has notifications permission for https://skype.com.
});

await context.grantPermissions(['notifications'], { origin: 'https://skype.com' });

使用browserContext.clearPermissions()撤销所有权限。

// Library
await context.clearPermissions();

地理位置

授予 "geolocation" 权限并将地理位置设置为特定区域。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    // Context geolocation
    geolocation: { longitude: 12.492507, latitude: 41.889938 },
    permissions: ['geolocation'],
  },
});

Test
Library

测试/示例.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  geolocation: { longitude: 41.890221, latitude: 12.492348 },
  permissions: ['geolocation'],
});

test('my test with geolocation', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});

const context = await browser.newContext({
  geolocation: { longitude: 41.890221, latitude: 12.492348 },
  permissions: ['geolocation']
});

稍后更改位置：

Test
Library

测试/示例.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  geolocation: { longitude: 41.890221, latitude: 12.492348 },
  permissions: ['geolocation'],
});

test('my test with geolocation', async ({ page, context }) => {
  // overwrite the location for this test
  await context.setGeolocation({ longitude: 48.858455, latitude: 2.294474 });
});

await context.setGeolocation({ longitude: 48.858455, latitude: 2.294474 });

注意你只能更改上下文中所有页面的地理位置。

配色方案与媒体

模拟用户的"colorScheme"。支持的值为'light'和'dark'。您还可以通过page.emulateMedia()来模拟媒体类型。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    colorScheme: 'dark',
  },
});

Test
Library

测试/示例.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({
  colorScheme: 'dark' // or 'light'
});

test('my test with dark mode', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});

// Create context with dark mode
const context = await browser.newContext({
  colorScheme: 'dark' // or 'light'
});

// Create page with dark mode
const page = await browser.newPage({
  colorScheme: 'dark' // or 'light'
});

// Change color scheme for the page
await page.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' });

// Change media for page
await page.emulateMedia({ media: 'print' });

用户代理

用户代理(User Agent)已包含在设备中，因此您很少需要更改它。但如果您确实需要测试不同的用户代理，可以使用userAgent属性来覆盖它。

Test
Library

测试/示例.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({ userAgent: 'My user agent' });

test('my user agent test', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});

const context = await browser.newContext({
  userAgent: 'My user agent'
});

离线

模拟网络处于离线状态。

playwright.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';

export default defineConfig({
  use: {
    offline: true
  },
});

启用JavaScript

模拟用户禁用JavaScript的场景。

Test
Library

测试/示例.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';

test.use({ javaScriptEnabled: false });

test('test with no JavaScript', async ({ page }) => {
  // ...
});

const context = await browser.newContext({
  javaScriptEnabled: false
});

简介​

设备​

视口​

isMobile​

区域设置与时区​

权限​

地理位置​

配色方案与媒体​

用户代理​

离线​

启用JavaScript​

简介

设备

视口