编写测试
简介
Playwright测试很简单，它们
- 执行操作，以及
- 断言状态是否符合预期。
在执行操作之前无需等待任何内容：Playwright 在执行每个操作前会自动等待一系列可操作性检查通过。
在执行检查时也无需处理竞态条件 - Playwright断言的设计方式使其能够描述最终需要满足的预期条件。
就是这样！这些设计选择让Playwright用户完全不必再担心测试中出现不稳定的超时和竞争条件检查。
你将学习
第一个测试
查看以下示例了解如何编写测试。
- MSTest
- NUnit
- xUnit
UnitTest1.cs
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
[Test]
public async Task HasTitle()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
// Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
}
[Test]
public async Task GetStartedLink()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
// Click the get started link.
await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();
// Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
}
}
UnitTest1.cs
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
[TestMethod]
public async Task HasTitle()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
// Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
}
[TestMethod]
public async Task GetStartedLink()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
// Click the get started link.
await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();
// Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
}
}
UnitTest1.cs
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
[Fact]
public async Task HasTitle()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
// Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
}
[Fact]
public async Task GetStartedLink()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
// Click the get started link.
await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();
// Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
}
}
操作
导航
大多数测试会从导航页面到一个URL开始。之后，测试将能够与页面元素进行交互。
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
Playwright 将等待页面达到加载状态后再继续执行。了解更多关于 Page.GotoAsync() 选项的信息。
交互
执行操作首先需要定位元素。Playwright使用Locators API来实现这一点。定位器表示在任何时刻查找页面上元素的方法，了解更多关于可用的不同类型的定位器。Playwright会在执行操作前等待元素变为可操作状态，因此无需等待它变为可用状态。
// Create a locator.
var getStarted = Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" });
// Click it.
await getStarted.ClickAsync();
在大多数情况下，它会写成一行：
await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();
基本操作
这是最常用的Playwright操作列表。请注意还有更多功能，请务必查看Locator API部分以了解更多信息。
| 操作 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| Locator.CheckAsync() | 勾选输入复选框 |
| Locator.ClickAsync() | 点击元素 |
| Locator.UncheckAsync() | 取消勾选输入复选框 |
| Locator.HoverAsync() | 鼠标悬停在元素上 |
| Locator.FillAsync() | 填写表单字段，输入文本 |
| Locator.FocusAsync() | 聚焦元素 |
| Locator.PressAsync() | 按下单个按键 |
| Locator.SetInputFilesAsync() | 选择要上传的文件 |
| Locator.SelectOptionAsync() | 在下拉菜单中选择选项 |
断言
Playwright 提供了一个名为 Expect 的异步函数，用于断言并等待直到满足预期条件。
await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
以下是使用最广泛的异步断言列表。请注意还有更多可供了解：
测试隔离
Playwright的NUnit和MSTest测试框架基类将通过为每个测试提供单独的Page实例来隔离各个测试。由于浏览器上下文的存在，页面在测试之间是隔离的，这相当于一个全新的浏览器配置文件，每个测试都会获得一个全新的环境，即使多个测试在单个浏览器中运行也是如此。
- MSTest
- NUnit
- xUnit
UnitTest1.cs
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
[Test]
public async Task BasicTest()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
}
}
UnitTest1.cs
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
[TestMethod]
public async Task BasicTest()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
}
}
UnitTest1.cs
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
[Fact]
public async Task BasicTest()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
}
}
使用测试钩子
- MSTest
- NUnit
- xUnit
You can use SetUp/TearDown to prepare and clean up your test environment:
UnitTest1.cs
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
[Test]
public async Task MainNavigation()
{
// Assertions use the expect API.
await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.dev/");
}
[SetUp]
public async Task SetUp()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
}
}
You can use TestInitialize/TestCleanup to prepare and clean up your test environment:
UnitTest1.cs
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
[TestMethod]
public async Task MainNavigation()
{
// Assertions use the expect API.
await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.dev/");
}
[TestInitialize]
public async Task TestInitialize()
{
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
}
}
You can use InitializeAsync/DisposeAsync to prepare and clean up your test environment:
UnitTest1.cs
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;
namespace PlaywrightTests;
public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
[Fact]
public async Task MainNavigation()
{
// Assertions use the expect API.
await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.dev/");
}
override public async Task InitializeAsync()
{
await base.InitializeAsync();
await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev");
}
public override async Task DisposeAsync()
{
Console.WriteLine("After each test cleanup");
await base.DisposeAsync();
}
}