从Testing Library迁移
迁移原则
本指南描述了如何从DOM Testing Library、React Testing Library、Vue Testing Library和Svelte Testing Library迁移到Playwright的Experimental Component Testing。
note
如果您在浏览器中使用DOM Testing Library(例如,您使用webpack打包端到端测试),您可以直接切换到Playwright Test。下面的示例主要关注组件测试,但对于端到端测试,您只需将await mount
替换为await page.goto('http://localhost:3000/')
来打开待测试页面。
速查表
Testing Library | Playwright |
---|---|
screen | page and component |
queries | locators |
async helpers | assertions |
user events | actions |
await user.click(screen.getByText('Click me')) | await component.getByText('Click me').click() |
await user.click(await screen.findByText('Click me')) | await component.getByText('Click me').click() |
await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Password'), 'secret') | await component.getByLabel('Password').fill('secret') |
expect(screen.getByLabelText('Password')).toHaveValue('secret') | await expect(component.getByLabel('Password')).toHaveValue('secret') |
screen.getByRole('button', { pressed: true }) | component.getByRole('button', { pressed: true }) |
screen.getByLabelText('...') | component.getByLabel('...') |
screen.queryByPlaceholderText('...') | component.getByPlaceholder('...') |
screen.findByText('...') | component.getByText('...') |
screen.getByTestId('...') | component.getByTestId('...') |
render(<Component />); | mount(<Component />); |
const { unmount } = render(<Component />); | const { unmount } = await mount(<Component />); |
const { rerender } = render(<Component />); | const { update } = await mount(<Component />); |
示例
测试库:
import React from 'react';
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
test('sign in', async () => {
// Setup the page.
const user = userEvent.setup();
render(<SignInPage />);
// Perform actions.
await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Username'), 'John');
await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Password'), 'secret');
await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' }));
// Verify signed in state by waiting until "Welcome" message appears.
expect(await screen.findByText('Welcome, John')).toBeInTheDocument();
});
逐行迁移到Playwright Test:
const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/experimental-ct-react'); // 1
test('sign in', async ({ mount }) => { // 2
// Setup the page.
const component = await mount(<SignInPage />); // 3
// Perform actions.
await component.getByLabel('Username').fill('John'); // 4
await component.getByLabel('Password').fill('secret');
await component.getByRole('button', { name: 'Sign in' }).click();
// Verify signed in state by waiting until "Welcome" message appears.
await expect(component.getByText('Welcome, John')).toBeVisible(); // 5
});
迁移亮点(请参阅Playwright Test代码片段中的内联注释):
- 对于组件测试,从
@playwright/experimental-ct-react
(或-vue、-svelte)导入所有内容;对于端到端测试,则从@playwright/test
导入。 - 测试函数会获得一个与其他测试隔离的
page
,以及一个在该页面渲染组件的mount
方法。这两个是Playwright Test中有用的fixtures。 - 将
render
替换为返回组件定位器的mount
。 - 使用通过locator.locator()或page.locator()创建的定位器来执行大多数操作。
- 使用断言来验证状态。
迁移查询
所有类似getBy...
、findBy...
、queryBy...
的查询及其多元素对应方法都被替换为component.getBy...
定位器。定位器会自动等待并在需要时重试,因此您无需担心选择正确的方法。当您想执行列表操作时,例如断言一组文本,Playwright会自动执行多元素操作。
替换 waitFor
Playwright 包含断言功能,能够自动等待条件满足,因此通常不需要显式调用 waitFor
/waitForElementToBeRemoved
。
// Testing Library
await waitFor(() => {
expect(getByText('the lion king')).toBeInTheDocument();
});
await waitForElementToBeRemoved(() => queryByText('the mummy'));
// Playwright
await expect(page.getByText('the lion king')).toBeVisible();
await expect(page.getByText('the mummy')).toBeHidden();
当你找不到合适的断言时,请改用expect.poll
。
await expect.poll(async () => {
const response = await page.request.get('https://api.example.com');
return response.status();
}).toBe(200);
替换 within
您可以使用locator.locator()方法在一个定位器内部创建另一个定位器。
// Testing Library
const messages = document.getElementById('messages');
const helloMessage = within(messages).getByText('hello');
// Playwright
const messages = component.getByTestId('messages');
const helloMessage = messages.getByText('hello');
Playwright Test 超级能力
一旦你开始使用Playwright Test,你将获得很多功能!
- 完全零配置的TypeScript支持
- 在所有主流操作系统(Windows、macOS、Ubuntu)上运行所有网页引擎(Chrome、Firefox、Safari)的测试
- 全面支持多源站、(i)frames、标签页和上下文
- 在多个浏览器中以隔离方式并行运行测试
- 内置测试artifact collection
你还将获得这些✨超棒工具✨,它们都随Playwright Test捆绑提供:
- Visual Studio Code 集成
- UI模式 用于调试测试,提供时间旅行体验并包含监视模式。
- Playwright Inspector
- Playwright 测试代码生成
- Playwright Tracing 用于事后调试
延伸阅读
了解更多关于Playwright测试运行器的信息: