JSON 与哈希存储

使用RedisVL存储JSON和哈希

开箱即用,Redis 提供了多种数据结构,可用于您的特定领域应用和用例。 在本文档中,您将学习如何将 RedisVL 与哈希JSON数据一起使用。

注意:
本文档是这个Jupyter笔记本的转换形式。

在开始之前,请确保以下事项:

  1. 您已经安装了RedisVL并激活了该环境。
  2. 您有一个运行中的Redis实例,具备Redis查询引擎功能。
# import necessary modules
import pickle

from redisvl.redis.utils import buffer_to_array
from jupyterutils import result_print, table_print
from redisvl.index import SearchIndex

# load in the example data and printing utils
data = pickle.load(open("hybrid_example_data.pkl", "rb"))
table_print(data)
用户年龄工作信用评分办公室位置用户嵌入
john18工程师-122.4194,37.7749b'\xcd\xcc\xcc=\xcd\xcc\xcc=\x00\x00\x00?'
derrick14医生-122.4194,37.7749b'\xcd\xcc\xcc=\xcd\xcc\xcc=\x00\x00\x00?'
nancy94医生-122.4194,37.7749b'333?\xcd\xcc\xcc=\x00\x00\x00?'
tyler100工程师-122.0839,37.3861b'\xcd\xcc\xcc=\xcd\xcc\xcc>\x00\x00\x00?'
tim12皮肤科医生-122.0839,37.3861b'\xcd\xcc\xcc>\xcd\xcc\xcc>\x00\x00\x00?'
taimur15首席执行官-122.0839,37.3861b'\x9a\x99\x19?\xcd\xcc\xcc=\x00\x00\x00?'
joe35牙医中等-122.0839,37.3861b'fff?fff?\xcd\xcc\xcc='

哈希还是JSON - 如何选择?

两种存储选项都提供了多种功能和权衡。下面,您将通过一个虚拟数据集来学习何时以及如何使用这两种数据类型。

处理哈希

Redis中的哈希是简单的字段-值对集合。可以将其视为一个可变的、单层级的字典,其中包含多个“行”:

{
    "model": "Deimos",
    "brand": "Ergonom",
    "type": "Enduro bikes",
    "price": 4972,
}

哈希最适合具有以下特征的用例:

  • 性能(速度)和存储空间(内存消耗)是最重要的关注点。
  • 数据可以轻松地标准化并建模为单级字典。

哈希通常是默认的推荐。

# define the hash index schema
hash_schema = {
    "index": {
        "name": "user-hash",
        "prefix": "user-hash-docs",
        "storage_type": "hash", # default setting -- HASH
    },
    "fields": [
        {"name": "user", "type": "tag"},
        {"name": "credit_score", "type": "tag"},
        {"name": "job", "type": "text"},
        {"name": "age", "type": "numeric"},
        {"name": "office_location", "type": "geo"},
        {
            "name": "user_embedding",
            "type": "vector",
            "attrs": {
                "dims": 3,
                "distance_metric": "cosine",
                "algorithm": "flat",
                "datatype": "float32"
            }
        }
    ],
}
# construct a search index from the hash schema
hindex = SearchIndex.from_dict(hash_schema)

# connect to local redis instance
hindex.connect("redis://localhost:6379")

# create the index (no data yet)
hindex.create(overwrite=True)
# show the underlying storage type
hindex.storage_type

    <StorageType.HASH: 'hash'>

向量作为字节字符串

在Redis中使用哈希时的一个细微差别是,所有向量化数据必须作为字节字符串传递(以实现高效的存储、索引和处理)。下面可以看到一个例子:

# show a single entry from the data that will be loaded
data[0]

    {'user': 'john',
     'age': 18,
     'job': 'engineer',
     'credit_score': 'high',
     'office_location': '-122.4194,37.7749',
     'user_embedding': b'\xcd\xcc\xcc=\xcd\xcc\xcc=\x00\x00\x00?'}
# load hash data
keys = hindex.load(data)
$ rvl stats -i user-hash

    Statistics:
    ╭─────────────────────────────┬─────────────╮
     Stat Key                     Value       
    ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────┤
     num_docs                     7           
     num_terms                    6           
     max_doc_id                   7           
     num_records                  44          
     percent_indexed              1           
     hash_indexing_failures       0           
     number_of_uses               1           
     bytes_per_record_avg         3.40909     
     doc_table_size_mb            0.000767708 
     inverted_sz_mb               0.000143051 
     key_table_size_mb            0.000248909 
     offset_bits_per_record_avg   8           
     offset_vectors_sz_mb         8.58307e-06 
     offsets_per_term_avg         0.204545    
     records_per_doc_avg          6.28571     
     sortable_values_size_mb      0           
     total_indexing_time          0.587       
     total_inverted_index_blocks  18          
     vector_index_sz_mb           0.0202332   
    ╰─────────────────────────────┴─────────────╯

执行查询

一旦索引创建完成并且数据加载到正确的格式中,您就可以对索引运行查询:

from redisvl.query import VectorQuery
from redisvl.query.filter import Tag, Text, Num

t = (Tag("credit_score") == "high") & (Text("job") % "enginee*") & (Num("age") > 17)

v = VectorQuery([0.1, 0.1, 0.5],
                "user_embedding",
                return_fields=["user", "credit_score", "age", "job", "office_location"],
                filter_expression=t)


results = hindex.query(v)
result_print(results)
向量距离用户信用评分年龄工作办公地点
0john18工程师-122.4194,37.7749
0.109129190445tyler100工程师-122.0839,37.3861
# clean up
hindex.delete()

处理JSON

Redis 还支持原生的 JSON 对象。这些对象可以是多级(嵌套)的,并且完全支持 JSONPath 用于检索和更新子元素:

{
    "name": "bike",
    "metadata": {
        "model": "Deimos",
        "brand": "Ergonom",
        "type": "Enduro bikes",
        "price": 4972,
    }
}

JSON 最适合具有以下特征的用例:

  • 易用性和数据模型灵活性是首要关注点。
  • 应用程序数据已经是原生JSON。
  • 替换另一个文档存储/数据库解决方案。

完整的JSON路径支持

因为Redis支持完整的JSONPath,所以在创建索引模式时,需要通过指向数据在对象中位置的所需namepath来索引和选择元素。

注意:
默认情况下,如果未在JSON字段模式中提供路径,RedisVL将假定路径为 $.{name}
# define the json index schema
json_schema = {
    "index": {
        "name": "user-json",
        "prefix": "user-json-docs",
        "storage_type": "json", # JSON storage type
    },
    "fields": [
        {"name": "user", "type": "tag"},
        {"name": "credit_score", "type": "tag"},
        {"name": "job", "type": "text"},
        {"name": "age", "type": "numeric"},
        {"name": "office_location", "type": "geo"},
        {
            "name": "user_embedding",
            "type": "vector",
            "attrs": {
                "dims": 3,
                "distance_metric": "cosine",
                "algorithm": "flat",
                "datatype": "float32"
            }
        }
    ],
}
# construct a search index from the JSON schema
jindex = SearchIndex.from_dict(json_schema)

# connect to a local redis instance
jindex.connect("redis://localhost:6379")

# create the index (no data yet)
jindex.create(overwrite=True)
# note the multiple indices in the same database
$ rvl index listall

    20:23:08 [RedisVL] INFO   Indices:
    20:23:08 [RedisVL] INFO   1. user-json

#### Vectors as float arrays

Vectorized data stored in JSON must be stored as a pure array (e.g., a Python list) of floats. Modify your sample data to account for this below:

```python
import numpy as np

json_data = data.copy()

for d in json_data:
    d['user_embedding'] = buffer_to_array(d['user_embedding'], dtype=np.float32)
# inspect a single JSON record
json_data[0]
{'user': 'john',
 'age': 18,
 'job': 'engineer',
 'credit_score': 'high',
 'office_location': '-122.4194,37.7749',
 'user_embedding': [0.10000000149011612, 0.10000000149011612, 0.5]}
keys = jindex.load(json_data)
# we can now run the exact same query as above
result_print(jindex.query(v))
向量距离用户信用评分年龄工作办公地点
0john18工程师-122.4194,37.7749
0.109129190445tyler100工程师-122.0839,37.3861

清理

jindex.delete()
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